Annapoorna Morning Nutrition Program - Research Report

Impact of Sri Sathya Sai Annapoorna Morning Nutrition Intervention Program among the Students of Rural Government Schools

Research Report

Published: July 2024

Investigated by
Dr. K. Anandan,
Professor and Head i/c
Department of Humanities and Social Sciences
Sri Sathya Sai University for Human Excellence
Navanihal, Okali post, Kamalapur, Kalaburagi, Karnataka-585313

Introduction and need for the study
Introduction

The Sathya Sai Loka Seva Gurukulam under the leadership of Sadguru Madhusudhan Sai making his maximum efforts with a great team of members to establish the Loka Seva mission, one world one family, and building the nation through implementing the following schemes for the welfare of the down trading people in different parts of states in India and world countries. Providing Morning Nutrition nutritious food, quality education, and good health are the ultimate goals of this mission.

Current Status of Loka Seva Mission

The current status of the so far implemented schemes is as follows.

Free Morning Nutrition

  • For needy schoolchildren
  • Attending typically rural govt. schools
  • Around 90,00,000 children, 1,00,000 schools, 25 States, 4 UTs, and Over145million meals served till date.Free Education for poor rural children
  • 3000 children from 27 residential Campuses in 20 Districts of Karnataka state.
  • From Grade 6 through university level,1000+Girls, many first-generation literates’
  • Stipend during internship and post-graduation
  • 2000 online video lessons, 25K subscribers, 30L viewers.
  • Visible transformation in children, many first-generation literates and especially confident girls

Scholarship for Primary School Children

  • Addressing child dropouts from Rural Primary Schools
  • Monitor attendance & progress of 6000 students from 1st to 6th grades under the guidance of over 600 volunteers.
  • Transfer the Scholarship amount to the child’s bank account every month only after verifying monthly attendance
  • Focus on imbibing values and healthy practices in young children who are our next generation.

Free hospitals & Medical Colleges in Rural Areas of India

  • 03 Tertiary Care & 01 Multi-disciplinary Hospital
  • New Mother & Child centres in progress
  • 19,000 patients treated, 1.52 Lakh consultations, 600 beds, and 150 ICU beds
  • World’s first free medical college under construction of 250000 sq. ft., 8 dept. Labs, 4 galleries, 3 museums and 1 L
  • Delivering access to health care for underserved people.
Milestones of Annapoorna Morning Nutrition Program

The noble service of the Annapoorna Morning Nutrition Program (AMNP) began breakfast service in the year 2012 at one village at Doddabele for 50 govt. School children.

The food was cooked at volunteers’ homes by turn. In 2013, food preparation was changed to a catering model via a vendor to ensure sustainability and consistency. Moreover, the provision of food was added to a second village, Vinayak Nagar, in 2014. In 2015, the trust was registered, and service began at 90 rural government schools with essential foods like milk and bananas. In 2016, the style was changed to cooked breakfast, using a decentralized cooking model. Further, the service of AMNP reached coverage of 1.5Lakh children studying in 15 States & 2 UTs by the year 2017.

In 2018, a sharp focus was laid on Nutrition Security and “hidden hunger”. Introduced Sai Sure Multi-nutrient supplement for Karnataka; coverage reached 2.5 lakh children. In 2019, Sai Sure service expanded to several other states; coverage reached 5 lakh children in 17 states and 3 UT. In 2020 and 2021, Extensive Covid support was undertaken for both the children and their families. Monthly provisions, immunity kits, medical equipment, etc. ‘

In addition, Sai Sure Morning Nutrition is being procured from Sai Sure Limited Liability Partnership (LLP). In 2022, Schools resumed. Wholesome Ragi, Finger Millet, Cereal Drink introduced in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Sai sure coverage also expanded across India. Total coverage reached 09 Lakh Children at 1,00,000 schools across 25 states and 4UTs.  Thus, AMN is growing year by year with glorious development. The strengths of Students and States and Union Territories are given in the table as well as shown in the diagram.

Table 1.1 Strength of beneficiaries in different States and Union Territories

Financial YearTotal Number of StudentsNumber of States
2012-13501 State
2013-141501 State
2014-151,0001 State
2015-168,0006 States
2016-1722,0008 States
2017-181,17,13915 States and 2 UTs
2018-192,43,54115 States and 2 UTs
2019-205,00,10017 States and 3 UTs
COVID (Mar 2020-Jan 2022)NA17 States and 3 UTs
2022-2312,00,00023 States and 4 UTs
2023-2430,00,00023 States and 4 UTs
2024-2590,00,00025 States and 4 UTs

 

Abbreviations for the diagram – 1

 

50 Sts.             =          50 Students

150 Sts.           =          150 Students

1,000 Sts.        =          1,000 Students

8,000 Sts.        =          8,000 Students

22,000 Sts.      =          22,000 Students

1,17,139 Sts.   =          1,17,139 Students

2,43,541 Sts.   =          2,43,541 Students

5,00,100 Sts.   =          5,00,100 Students

NA                  =         

12,00,000 Sts. =          12,00,000 Students

30,00,000 Sts. =          30,00,000 Students

90,00,000 Sts. =          90,00,000 Students

 

Abbreviations for the diagram – 2

1 St                  =          1 State

1 St                  =          1 State

1 St                  =          1 State

6 St                  =          6 State

8 St                  =          8 State

15 S, 2 UTs     =          15 States and 2 Union Territories

15 S, 2 UTs     =          15 States and 2 Union Territories

17 S, 3 UTs     =          17 States and 3 Union Territories

17 S, 3 UTs     =          17 States and 3 Union Territories

23 S, 4 UTs     =          23 States and 4 Union Territories

23 S, 4 UTs     =          23 States and 4 Union Territories

25 S, 4 UTs     =          23 States and 4 Union Territories

Global Hunger Index 2023

Every year the Global Hunger Index reports on the status of Socioeconomic status of every country. India’s status on the Hunger Index is very poor. Let us see the report in detail.

Global Hunger Index (GHI) (2023) gives India a rank of 111 out of 125 countries. This indicates a hunger severity level of ‘serious’ for the country. This also marks a fall from the previous year’s rank of 107 (2022).

  • India’s GHI score is 28.7 on a 100-point scale where 0 is the best score (no hunger) and 100 is the worst.
  • From 2000 to 2015, India made good strides in the GHI rank while from 2015, India has advanced on the GHI by only 0.5 points.
  • The 2023 GHI score for the world is 18.3, which is considered moderate.
  • Globally, the share of undernourished people has increased to 9.2%.
  • The regions with the highest hunger levels in the world are South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.
  • Each region has a GHI score of 27, indicating ‘serious’ hunger.
  • Latin America and the Caribbean are the only regions in the world whose GHI scores have worsened between 2015 and 2023.
  • China is among the top 20 countries that each have a GHI score of less than 5.
  • The region with the lowest GHI score is Europe and Central Asia, whose score of 6.0 is considered ‘low’.
  • According to the report, the fight against global hunger has stagnated because of multiple factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russia-Ukraine war, climate change, etc.

      The government as well as NGOs are making great efforts towards raising the economic standard of our citizens. As Maslow’s Hierarchy principle says physiological needs are primarily essential for a human being to survive. This basic need is to be ensured in a democratic country like India. The Government, NGOs supported CSR, Philon therapists and others who have succeeded in the physiological needs are joining together to bring the people up to the people who are struggling with Physiological needs.

Significance of the Study

Global Hunger Index (2022) stated that around 3,000 children die every day of malnutrition and hunger. One of the reasons may relate to poverty. 21% of the population lives on less than $1.90 per day. The result is that 38% of the children under 5 years of age are wasted. Thinness in school-age children is extremely high in India at 25%. About 236 million children attend 1.1 million government schools, making them an ideal platform for effective nutritional intervention at scale.

            In India, nearly 70 per cent of school-going children are undernourished. Many Philanthropists, Social workers and NGOs were motivated to think about solving such a deep-rooted problem that draws sustenance from the many social, economic and demographic challenges that face our country. While the Government’s mid-day meals and other initiatives have addressed hunger to some extent in school-going children, a lot remains to be done in terms of bridging the nutrition gap. Researchers have identified that providing breakfast to disadvantaged children has a lasting effect on the health of children, presented itself as a window of opportunity to make a difference Sri Sathya Sai Annapoorna Trust has been running one of India’s leading morning nutrition programs for rural schools children working at the grassroots level in the area of child nutrition security and “hidden hunger” management. The morning nutrition is served in the form of either the “Sai Sure” nutrition health mix presented with milk, or the “Fortified Ragi” Finger Millet Wholesome Cereal Drink, cooked breakfast or any other available nutritious food items. This is prepared freshly at the school in the morning and served to children at the school premises before commencing studies.

            It has been observed that a small morning nutritional intervention had many positive ripple effects, which are summarized below:

1) Drop-out rates arrested, Enrolment’s protected.

2) Increased enrolments, driven by the spread of word of mouth on the morning service at school and support from parents.

3) Improved punctuality of children, in anticipation of service.

4) Rise in motivation level among teachers, who are no longer teaching on empty stomachs in the morning.

5) Increased focus in the class seen among children.

6) Improved academic performance by the children.

7) Improved health profile and Immunity.

8) Maximized probability of completing school, thereby delivering literate, healthy and productive young citizens to the nation.

Recognition of Society for Good Social Service

     Sri Sathya Sai Annapoorna Trust works hard in its venture of doing Education and Health services freely to the downtrodden Rural School Students and health services by opening Hospitals without having any personal agenda. The Philatelists and welfare organizations are coming forward to accept their contribution to society’s upliftment and honour the Annapoorna service by way of giving awards and rewards:                                       

  • The Best School Health Program of the Year 2022
  • Indian CSR Awards2022
  • Lead India Award
  • United Nations Sustainable Development Goals Action Awards 2020
  • Solidarity Award
  • Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Award of Excellence for Annapoorna Trust 27th July 2020
  • Winner of Rotary Karnataka NGO Awards
  • “Best NGO for eradicating extreme hunger” at CSR Times Summit
  • The CSR Health Impact Awards
  • First Prize in CSR competition conducted by Intel – I. ‘
  • 2022- Best School Health Program of the Year: Indian CSR Awards
  • 2022 – Lead India Award
  • 2023- NGO of the Year: CST, YBS Forums
  • 2023 – Most Committed NGO: CSR Summit, UBS Forums

The vision of the Annapoorna’s trust is to let no child go to school hungry, ever! Many like-minded individuals and organizations who are participating in this noble cause of nation-building through nutrition are behind the noble cause.

            Presently, Annapoorna intends to provide morning nutrition to over 90,00,000 children across 25 states and 4 Union Territories across India. These children attend government schools, located typically in rural hinterland. It is proud to mention that Annapoorna Trust has been the NGO which is serving Morning Nutrition to the highest number of students in India.

Need for the Study

Any Program which involves more contributions from NGOs and Philanthropies will be curious to know whether my contribution has served the purpose or not. They themselves may inspect the spot and check the progress of the work. Sometimes, they may be invited and appraise the status of the service will be helpful to satisfy them.

            As per the Annapoorna Trust is concerned, the trustees are a disparate mix of corporate professionals, doctors and entrepreneurs and bring to the table a vast body of knowledge and experience. They are involved in the strategy, planning and execution of the breakfast program and also coordinate volunteer engagement and allocation. They meet periodically to discuss the progress of work and other Trust-related activities. It is an organization completely run by volunteers, a committed base of 650 volunteers comprising working professionals, homemakers, doctors, nutritionists, entrepreneurs, teachers and retired professionals who work seamlessly to deliver breakfast services across various centres and schools, this kind of research may help the Trust / Institution maximize their service to the targeted indigent people by giving suggestions to the authorities involved in different layers.

            As our Chairman and Founder, Sadguru Sri Madhusudan Sai Stresses, it is a time when Sammathi Sarkar and Sastha should work together. This will play a major role in reflecting the Morning Nutrition Program’s positive aspect and will allow like-minded organisations to be part of this great mission. 

Introduction

The present chapter deals with Need for the related literature, Related Studies conducted earlier, Review on reviews and the Research gaps. As a whole, this chapter will give an idea about how many studies were conducted earlier in the same area so that new concepts may be identified to do research.

The review of related studies has so many purposes which are given below.

  • Review-related literature helps researchers understand what has already been done in a field of inquiry, and their analysis serves as a springboard for future work.
  • Provide background information on the subject.
  • To identify the areas of existing study to avoid duplication and to properly credit other scholars.
  • To identify the connection between the works and their impact on the subject and other works

The investigator has identified five studies conducted already in this area and the brief nature of them is given. The first study is the SAN Audit report (2017) conducted for the Accounting and Audit framework. The second one is an Impact Assessment study done in Nandak and Sikkim (2021) by Sri Sathya Sai Annapoorna Trust. The third one is another Impact analysis conducted on health parameters in Dehradun and Uttarakhand (2022). The fourth study is by Sri Sathya Sai Annapoorna Trust conducted as a Pilot study on the Impact of Sai sure Nutritional support in Siddipet (2022) on the growth of Preschool Children and the fifth study is by Narayana Health CSR with Sri Sathya Sai Annapoorna Trust (2021-2022) conducted on the impact on morning breakfast program concerning BME and Hemoglobin of the children.

The details of the above studies are given below.

The SAN Audit report (2015-2017) conducted a study for the purpose of the Accounting and Audit framework to provide a comprehensive, multi-perspective and independently verified picture of the impact created by Sri Sathya Sai Annapoorna Trust during the period under review. In July 2012, a handful of volunteers came together and started the breakfast program. It was a humble beginning and started serving breakfast in a village in Doddabele, near Bangalore, to about 50 children every morning. In 2015, the trust was registered, and service began at 90 rural government schools and in 2016, the style was changed to cooked breakfast, using a decentralized cooking model. Further, the service of AMNP reached coverage of 1.5Lakh children studying in 15States &2UTs by the year 2017.

            The two programs of the trust that were considered for the study were the Breakfast service and Health intervention program. The Geographic location of the study was the schools in Chikkaballapur district where the breakfast service is implemented and Sevamrutam Centre (Mult school). The methodologies used in the study were a combination of Focus Group Discussions, face-to-face meetings, and workshops and the administration of questionnaires was used to collect information for the social accounts. Further, Workshops and conference calls were held with the trustees for formalizing the VMVOA,     and finalizing the scope and logistics of administering the questionnaires. Moreover, Secondary information such as Annapoorna’s process document, details from their website and financial information was also obtained. The information was then collated, analyzed and interpreted to write the Social Accounts.

            The sample size for the children, who are the primary stakeholders and the beneficiaries of the breakfast program, was arrived to ensure representation of children from all clusters and approximately 10% of the overall student population that was in scope was targeted for administration of the questionnaires. The cluster sampling technique was followed in the study. From the Population, 07 clusters were selected, cluster A to G, the total sample was 8702 and from each cluster, the sample was selected. The questionnaires were administered to a total of 1021 students, of which, 853 responses were received, collated and analyzed. The overall student response rate was 84%.

  1. Findings of the study reveal that the survey conducted for the headmasters of the schools where the breakfast is served, was quite positive and 89%of them said that they approached the Annapoorna team and applied for the breakfast to be served in their school.
  2. The fact that 96% of the children stated that they have not fallen sick after consuming the breakfast, indicates that the quality is maintained and that the ingredients that are used do not cause health issues.
  3. Almost all children said they liked both meals, except cluster Gang 16 children out of the 854 who responded said they did not like any meal and 10 of them did not respond to this question.
  4. Regarding attendance, data from the Teachers indicates a weighted average of 3.8. This is corroborated by the Parents, 68% of whom have stated that the children go to school regularly since the commencement of the breakfast program.
  5. The Teachers observed a considerable difference in the health of the children when they return from long holidays.48% stated that the reason is no breakfast during holidays, while 39% stated that the children are made to work during holidays.

Beneficiaries and Voluntaries involved in providing Annapoorna breakfast

An impact Assessment was made in Nandak and Sikkim (2021) by Sri Sathya Sai Annapoorna Trust on the impact of the Sai Sure Nutrition Program on Height and   Weight. As a part of the morning Nutrition Program – Sai sure Multi nutrient Health mix with Milk was served to students in Sikkim Govt. Schools. After a certain interval, it was found that 87% of students had shown a positive impact on their weight and 85% of students had shown improvement in their weight.

Providing Multi Nutrient Health mix drink of Sai Sure for students at Sikkim

It was observed that the increment in height and weight is due to the impact of the Sai Sure nutrition program.

Another Impact analysis was made in Dehradun and Uttarakhand (2022) by Sri Sathya Sai Annapoorna Trust among the students studying in Dehradun and Uttarakhand conducted on health parameters such as Hemoglobin and weight of the students.  As a part of the morning nutrition program – Sai sure Multi nutrient Health mix with milk was served to students of Dehradun Govt. Schools. After a certain period, post post-test was conducted. The results revealed that improvements in Hemoglobin for 89%of the students and 79%of the students were observed improvement in their weights.

Delivering Annapoorna morning breakfast at Dehradun

Sri Sathya Sai Annapoorna Trust (between September 2021 and January 2022) conducted a Pilot study on the Impact of Sai sure Nutritional support on the growth of Preschool Siddipet Children at Nanganur (2022) Comprehensive program to address Malnutrition in Siddipet was conceptualized. As per the plan, Sai Sure multi-nutrient supplement was provided to children among Ambedkarnagar, Bharathnaga, Chinnakodur, Ibrahimnagar, Indiranagar, Mundrai, Nangunur, Narayanaraopet, Ponnala, Pullur and Raghavapur.

Distributing Nutritional support kit for preschool students at Siddipet

            The parameters which were taken for the analysis were height, weight, status of stunting, Status of wasting, Status of Underweight and Mid-Upper Arm Circumference. The collected data were analysed and the above parameters were compared between September 2021 and January 2022. The results revealed that 84% of the children’s increment in Height had been observed, 74% of the children’s increase in Weight had been observed and for 100 children increment in Mid-Upper Arm Circumference was observed.

            Sri Sathya Sai Annapoorna Trust (between September 2021 and January 2022) conducted a Pilot study on the Impact of Sai sure Nutritional support on the growth of Preschool Children in Siddipet (2022) Comprehensive program to address Malnutrition in Siddipet was conceptualized. As per the plan, Sai Sure multi-nutrient supplement was provided to children in Ambedkar Nagar, Bharathnaga, Chinnakodur, Ibrahim Nagar, Indira Nagar, Mundrai, Nangunur, Narayanaraopet, Pannala, Pullur and Raghavapur.

            The parameters which were taken for the analysis were Height, Weight, Status of stunting, status of wasting, status of underweight and Mid-Upper Arm Circumference. The collected data were analyzed and the above parameters were compared between September 2021 and January 2022. The results revealed that 84% of the children’s increment in Height had been observed, 74% of the children’s increase in weight had been observed and for 100 children increment in Mid-Upper Arm Circumference was observed.

            Narayana Health CSR with Sri Sathya Sai Annapoorna Trust (2022-23) conducted a study on the impact of the morning breakfast program. As Annapoorna Trust initiated its program in 2012 in Doddabele, seeing its positive impact over the, we Narayan Health CSR got requests from the schools in Vinayak Nagar namely, Ramohalli, Kethohalli, Subramanyapalya, and Chikkeluru. A detailed presentation from Sri Sathya Sai Annapoorna Trust was presented to Narayana CSR Health comprising of Problem Statement and Proposed Intervention.

Initiation of Annapoorna Nutritious Morning breakfast program at Vinayak Nagar

Out of 360 students ‘total local students 178 and total migration students 182, these are all students coming from different districts and states. These students’ parents work in daily wage work in building construction places, Nursery, and working in small industries.

Program by checking the height and weight of students

Treatment of the Experiment: Narayana Health CSR in a joint venture with Sri Sathya Sai Annapoorna Trust have provided breakfast for  7 months to all the students for 4 schools mentioned above Student Height and weight Check Mac Check Narayana Health and  Annapoorna Trust team collected students”’’ basic data and conducted basic health screening. We have done Height, Weight, Mac and Hemoglobin tests of students. Above all tests were on after BEO and school HM permission.

            The study found that the BMI of students declined from 87% to 68% in the underweight category and the normal level of haemoglobin rose from 62.5% to 76.1%.

Review on Reviews

The investigator identified five related studies conducted earlier on the impact of Annapoorna Morning Nutrition intervention on different aspects in different places. Among the five studies, 04 studies belong to an experimental nature and one study, SAN Auditing Report is Survey research.  In experimental studies, they used pre-test, and post-test experimental designs whereas cluster random sampling design was used in the survey research. When the impact analysis conducted in Nandok and Sikkim on Height and Weight, Impact analysis in Dehradun was conducted on the Haemoglobin and Weight of the children.

Research Gap

So far, only five studies have been conducted with few areas on health aspects and few areas on academic-related aspects. As the Annapoorna Morning Nutrition Program (Sai Sure) has been implemented in most of the states and union territories besides their different food patterns and climatical conditions, research studies are to be conducted to know the impact of the Program. It is learnt that Sri Sathya Sai Annapoorna Trust is the NGO which is providing Morning Nutrition to the highest number, 9000000 students across 25 states and 4 union territories across India among downtrodden rural Government School students with the support of many volunteers and corporates in the name of CSR. Hence more research is to be conducted in all different parts of the countries to make them understand how their contributions are spent purposefully.

             Out of five studies available, four studies were conducted on health aspects and one study was on academic and other aspects. Four studies are experimental and one is survey research.  As academic aspects are to be given more importance, more studies on survey research focusing on academic, psychological and social aspects are to be conducted. As the corporates under CSR are involved, more research is essential both on experimental and survey research on the impact of Morning Nutrition intervention among the beneficiaries in different parts of states. The present study emerged in this line. The Topic is entitled “Impact of Annapoorna Morning Nutrition Intervention Program among Government School Students.”

Overview

The Methodology followed in the present study is described in this chapter.  The present study’s survey research aimed to measure the Impact of the Annapoorna Morning Nutrition Program among Rural Government Schools. The design of the study, Statement of the problem, Operational definition of the key terms, Objectives of the study, Hypotheses of the study, Selection and size of the sample, Variables used in the study, Tools used in the study, Administering the tool, Statistical measures used in the study and Delimitations of the study have been reported in the present chapter.

Purpose of Research Design

The purpose of a research design is to provide, within an appropriate mode of inquiry, the most valid and accurate answers possible to the research question (Denzin and Lincoln, 2000; McMillan and Schumacher, 2001). An effective research design outlines the defined purpose in which there is coherence between the research question and the methods or approaches proposed that generate data that is credible and verifiable (McMillan and Schumacher, 2001).

The research design is the researcher’s plan of enquiry (Bogdan and KnoppBiklen, 2006; Mcmillan and Schumacher, 2001) that puts paradigms of interpretation into motion (Denzin and Lincoln, 2000) on how to proceed in gaining an understanding of a phenomenon in its natural setting (Ary et. al., 2002).

Formation of a suitable and systematic research design requires a deep knowledge of research methods. Before planning and selecting the research design, it is essential to go through the related literature and also to get guidance from experts in the field.

Design of the Study

This research design encourages the process of strategic thinking and reflection (Mason, 2002) from the start and continues throughout the whole research process which calls for constant review of decisions and approaches (Ritchie and Lewis, 2003).

The design of the study is presented in the schematic representation of the survey research design in the following table – 3.1.

Table – 3.1 Schematic representation of the survey research design

Sl. NoTypeDetails
1Nature of ResearchSurvey Research Design
2VariablesIndependent Variable: Annapoorna Morning Nutrition
Dependent Variables: Students’ (Beneficiaries) Opinion, Teachers’ (observing the execution of the program) Opinion, Parents’ (benefits observed over the long term) Opinion
Demographical Variables: Gender, Class, Level of School, Parents’ Education, Parents’ Occupation, Teachers’ Educational Qualifications, Teachers’ Experience
3Tools UsedFor Students: Interview Schedule
For Parents: Rating Scale
For Teachers: Rating Scale
4Sampling TechniqueStratified Random Sampling Technique
5Size of the SampleStudents: 479
Teachers: 37
Parents: 127
6Number of Schools19 Government Rural Primary and Secondary Schools
7Statistical Technique UsedPercentage, Mean, Standard Deviation, t-test & f-test

 

The present study belongs to survey research design, as it is intended to measure the Impact of the Annapoorna Morning Nutrition Program among

Government School Students in Chikkaballapura district.  Annapoorna Morning Nutrition through Sai Sure is the independent variable and the student’s Opinions like interest in studies, regularity in attending school, interest on studies etc., the Teacher’s opinion and Parents’ opinion on the impact of the Sai Sure upon the students’ Performance.

Three types of tools were used in the study. One is the interviewing schedule among the students, the Five Point Rating Scale for Teachers and Parents. All the tools are focused only on the impact of Sai Sure on the students’ activities. The Stratified Random Sampling Technique was followed in the study to select the sample. The size of the sample was 479 Government Primary School Students, 37 Teachers and 127 Parents. The statistical techniques used in the study are Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation and ‘t’ – test.

Operational Definition of the Key Terms

The title of the present study is “Impact of Annapoorna Morning Nutrition Intervention Program Rural Government Schools”. The key terms in the problems are i) Impact ii) Annapoorna Morning Nutrition Program and iii) Rural Government Schools.

Impact

            The Word `Impact’ refers to having a strong effect or influence on a situation or person. As per the Oxford dictionary, it refers to the direct or indirect changes, whether beneficial or adverse, that result from a specific act or series of acts or a project or program. Also known as the effect of Annapoorna’s Morning Nutrition Intervention Program on their academic, health and other aspects among the students, Teachers and Parents.

Annapoorna Morning Nutrition Program

Annapoorna is the name of the trust which is the Morning Nutrition Program.  The meaning of the word Annapoorna is “food forever”. The school children who are coming from rural areas, do not have the basic required nutrition for their development. Annapoorna Trust adds value to the milk scheme (Ksheera Bhagya) at Government schools where the government provides milk to children, while Annapoorna Trust adds the nutritional element in the form of the health mix. With Annapoorna Sai Sure Mix, a simple glass of milk instantly becomes a life-sustaining meal providing half of the minimum daily requirements for nutrition.

Students of Rural Government Schools

            Here the students refer to the students studying in Rural Government Schools. They are in a crucial developmental stage, ensuring nutrition security directly impacts their physical and cognitive growth, laying the foundation for a healthier future. Nutrition security in government schools helps bridge economic disparities, ensuring that all students, regardless of financial background, have access to essential nutrients, and promoting a more equitable education system.

Objectives of the Study

            The objectives of the study are to find out the impact of AMNP among Government School Students.  The specific objectives of the study are given below.

  • To find out the opinion on the impact of the AMNP among the rural government school students who are consuming every day concerning their interest to drink, feeling healthy, regularity in serving, confidence in attending school with an empty stomach, interest in continuing studies and awareness of their parents about the Sai Sure.
  • To find out the opinion among the teachers who are observing the impact of AMNP in different dimensions such as dropout of the students, punctuality of the students, academic performance, enrollment of the students, health aspect, psychological and Personality aspects.
  • To find out the opinion of the parents whose students have benefitted from the AMNP for many years on impact in different dimensions such as dropout of the students, Punctuality of the students to the school, Academic performance of the students, Health aspect of the students and Personality aspects.
  • To find out the significant difference in the opinion towards the impact of AMNP among Students, Teachers and Students concerning their demographic variables, such as gender of parents, level of school the beneficiaries studying, parents’ education and occupation.
Selection and Size of the Sample

The Random Sampling Technique was followed in the Study. There are about 731 schools In Chikkabellapur District and 300 schools are located in rural areas. The Investigator has randomly selected 19 schools consisting of both primary and middle Schools.

The Vth Std. Students were selected as samples from the primary schools and the students studying VIII standards from the middle schools were selected as samples for the study. The teachers working for more years in the same school were selected as a sample and the parents of the students were the sample for the study. The 500 questionnaires were distributed among the parents and the filled returned questionnaires were 479 this has become the size of the sample for parents The size of the sample for the teachers was 127 and students were 37.

Table – 3.2 Name of the schools selected as samples

Sl. NoName of the School
1GHPS Muddenahalli
2GHS Muddenahalli
3GLPS Nasijumtehosur
4GLPS Madhurnalhalli
5GLPS Suddahalli
6GLPS Kalavara
7GLPS Dinner
8GLPS Mylappanahalli
9GLPS Byranayakanahalli
10GLPS Bachahalli
11GLPS Bandahalli
12GLPS Gantiganahalli
13GLPS Arasanahalli
14GMHPS Nandi
15GLPS Kuduvathi
16GHPS Eerenahalli
17GHS Kuppahalli
18GLPS Singatakadinenahalli
19GLPS Sulthanpet

 

From the above table 3.2, it is noted that all the schools are Government Schools. GLPS, GMHS, and GHS are named Government Lower Primary School, Government Middle High School, and Government High School.

 

Variables Used in the Study

As the present study aimed at determining the Impact of the Annapoorna Morning Nutrition Program among rural government school students, the Annapoorna Morning Nutrition Program was the independent variable, the Opinion of the students, parents and teachers. Were the dependent variables in the study? Gender, Parents’ Education, Parents’ occupation and Teacher’s Education and Teachers occupation were the other demographic variables in the study.

Tools Used in the Study

The investigator uses three types of tools among Rural Government School Students in the present study.  They are as follows:

  • Interview Schedule among Rural Government School Students to measure the Impact of the Annapoorna Morning Nutrition Program.
  • Rating Scale among the Parents of Rural Government Schools to measure the Impact of the Annapoorna Morning Nutrition Program.
  • Rating Scale among the Teachers of Rural Government Schools to measure the Impact of the Annapoorna Morning Nutrition Program.
Validity of the Tools

First, the tools were prepared in English. The Investigator felt that it would be good if the questionnaires were in Kannada language so that the samples could understand them fully and could provide valid data. Then the questionnaires were translated into Kannada language with the help of our faculties. Further, they were given to the language experts to validate the questionnaires. After the preparation of the rough draft, the three tools were shown to the two Annapoorna officials who are closely associated with the Annapoorna Program. With their certain additions and omissions, the tools were refined. Thus the validity of the tools was ensured.

Statistical Measures Used in the Study

The data were entered in EXCEL and the following statistical techniques were employed for the analysis and interpretation of the data. They were Percentage, Mean, Standard Deviation, t-test and f-test to find out the significant difference between the two variables.

Data Analysis

Introduction

In this Chapter, the investigator has presented the findings of the study, discussion and recommendations for further study.

Findings of the Study

The findings of the results are briefly given below under different captions.

Section I – Analysis of the Opinion of Students on the Impact of Sai Sure

A. Opinion of Students on the Impact of Sai Sure

  1. 6% of the total students like the Sai Sure whereas 0.4% of rural government school students disagree with the statement.
  2. It has been observed that in some of the Scenarios, kids are taking this breakfast but not having a balanced one. In that Scenario, Sai Sure fortified raggy plays a vital role as it comprises all macro and micronutrients required for the growing child and is certified by the FSSAE, CFTRI and TUV labs and in this way HIDDEN HUNGER is being considered.
  3. 0% of the students feel that Sai Sure motivates the students to make a regular presence at the school and only 1.0% of the students disagree on the statement.
  4. 9% of the students feel that Sai Sure is highly nutritious whereas 2.1% of the rural government school students disagree with the statement.
  5. 1% of rural government school students come to the schools with little / no food as there is Sai Sure to have in the school and the remaining 48.9% of the students disagree with the statement.
  6. 0% of rural government school students felt that they could get interested in their curricular and co-curricular activities because of drinking Sai sure in the morning.
  7. 0% of Students who are consuming Sai Sure feel healthy and the remaining 1.0 %  of the students disagree on the statement.
  8. 8 % of students feel that they could be involved in their studies by taking part in classroom teaching learning activities and the remaining 0.2% of the students disagreed on the statement.
  9. 1 % of students reveal that their parents are interested in sending them to schools regularly due to providing Sai Sure in school.

B. Opinion of Teachers on the Impact of Sai Sure in Total

80.77 % of teachers revealed that Sai Sure provided as Morning Nutrition has a good impact on the students of rural government schools.

Dimensions Wise Analysis of Opinion of Teachers on the Impact of Sai Sure

a) Dimensions – 1: Dropout Reduction

            81.49 % of teachers feel that the dropout level of the students is reduced at rural government schools.

b) Dimensions – 2: Punctuality of Students

            84.59 % of teachers reveal that students’ punctuality Level is increased at rural government schools.

c) Dimensions – 3: Academic Performance

77.57 % of teachers showed that students’ academic performance levels are increased at rural government schools.

d) Dimensions – 4: Enrolment of Students

            74.59 % of Teachers conveyed that student enrolment level is increased at rural government schools.

e) Dimensions – 5: Health Aspects

            83.38 % of teachers feel that students’ health aspects Level is increased at rural government schools.

f) Dimensions – 6: Psychological Aspects

            80.32 % of Teachers reveal that students’ psychological aspects Level is increased after taking Sai Sure.

C. Opinion of Parents on the Impact of Sai Sure in Total

            86.21 % of teachers feel that parents have a positive opinion about the impact of Sai Sure provided at rural government schools.

Dimensions Wise Analysis of the Opinion of the Parents on the Impact of Sai Sure

a) Dimensions – 1: Dropout

89.53 % of parents revealed that dropout students’ level is reduced at rural government students

b) Dimensions – 2: Punctuality of Students

            80 % of parents reveal that students’ punctuality level is increased at rural government schools

c) Dimensions – 3: Academic Performance

            89.92 % of parents feel that students’ academic performance level is increased at rural government schools.

d) Dimensions – 4: Health Aspects

88.45 % of parents show that students’ health aspects level is increased at rural government schools.

e) Dimensions – 5: Psychological Aspects

            82.20 % of parents feel that students’ psychological aspects level is increased at rural government schools

Section – II Inferential Analysis of the Opinion of Students on the Impact of Sai Sure

Significant difference in the Opinion of the Students concerning Demographic Variables

  1. All the students have positive opinions towards the impact of Sai Sure.
  2. Students studying primary and high schools have a similar level of positive opinions on the impact of Sai Sure.
  3. Students’ positive opinions on the impact of Sai Sure did not differ even then there were different educational qualifications of the parents.
  4. No significant difference in the positive opinion on the impact of Sai Sure is observed among the students whose parents’ professions are agriculture, skilled jobs and professional jobs.

Significant difference in the Opinion of the Teachers concerning their Demographic Variables

  1. Both male and female teachers have similar levels of positive attitude towards fewer dropouts due to the provision of Sai Sure Morning Nutrition
  2. All teachers working in both primary and secondary schools have having similar level of positive opinion on the impact of Sai Sure.
  3. All Teachers irrespective of their educational qualifications have similar positive opinions on the impact of Sai Sure to the students.
  4. All teachers with different years of experience also have similar levels of positive opinions on the impact of Sai Sure on the students.

Significant difference in the Opinion of the Parents concerning Demographic Variables

  1. Both male and female parents of school children have similar positive opinions on the impact of Sai Sure.
  2. The parents whose qualifications are primary education, secondary education, college and higher education have similar levels of positive opinion on the impact of Sai Sure.
  3. The parents whose occupations are agriculture, skilled jobs and professional jobs have similar positive opinions on the impact of Sai Sure.
Discussion of the Study

The results show that students are highly satisfied with Sai Sure and benefit in different aspects Sai Sure motivates them for their regular presence in the class, impresses them highly nutrition, stimulates their interest in academic and non-academic activity, is healthy, and provides energy for equal participation. Sai Sure has had a highly positive impact on different aspects. While reviewing the related studies, the results coincide with the three studies of SAN Audit report (2015-2017), the Pilot study on the Impact of Sai sure Nutritional support in Siddipet (2022) and the Impact Assessment study in Nandak and Sikkim (2021). Similar findings may be due to effective Nutrias of Sai Sure, good taste, colour, the ardour of   Sai Sure and so on.  The other two studies, namely Impact analysis conducted on health parameters in Dehradun and Uttarakhand (2022 and Narayana Health CSR with Sri Sathya Sai Annapoorna Trust (2021-2022) were focused on Height, Weight, BME and Hemoglobin. The same high positive impact has been observed.

In the further analysis of students’ opinions based on demographic variables like gender, parents’ education, Parents’ occupation and income, the same trend of high positive impact has been observed. Similarly, when further analysis was made on the opinion of the teachers and parents based on demographic variables, it gave a surprisingly similar level of high positive opinion among teachers and parents.  The demographic variables of the teachers are gender, years of experience, working in primary/secondary school and educational background and the demographic variables for the parents are gender, parent’s education, occupation and income. Among all classifications of teachers and parents, a similar level of high positive opinion on the impact of Sai Sure is an unbelievable strength of Sai Sure.

The overall positive impact among rural government students may be by stimulation of the Nutrients of Sai Sure. It has been witnessed the transformative power of this Sai Sure. There is no doubt that Sai Sure had addressed the hidden hunger of the rural government school students.

Suggestions for Further Research
  • Similar studies may be conducted in all states separately.
  • Similar studies may be conducted among teachers and parents working in different states.
  • A comparative study on the impact of Sai Sure on urban and rural students may also be conducted.
  • Experimental study on the improvement of Hemoglobin, Height and Weight due to Sai Sure may be conducted in all states.
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